EMF Health Effects, How EMFs Impact the Cells of Our Bodies via Voltage-Gated Calcium Channel (VGCC) Activation Special Emphasis on Wi-Fi and 5G, UK, November 2018

EMF Health Effects, How EMFs Impact the Cells of Our Bodies via Voltage-Gated Calcium Channel (VGCC) Activation Special Emphasis on Wi-Fi and 5G, UK, November 2018 

By: Marin L. Pall, Professor Emeritus of Biochemistry and Basic Medical Sciences, Washington State University
martin_pall@wsu.edu

The Current U.S./International safety guidelines are based on only thermal (heating) effects, but many non-thermal effects occur at levels orders of magnitude lower than those allowed by these guidelines.

Lower fertility (18 different reviews)
Changes in structure of testis, ovaries; lowered sperm count, quality; lowered number of follicles (eggs), increased spontaneous abortion, lowered levels of each of the 3 sex hormones, lowered libido

Neurological / Neuropsychiatric effects (25 reviews)
Insomnia, fatigue, depression, headache, lack of concentration / cognitive dysfunction, anxiety / stress, agitation, memory function, etc. There are many more major changes in brain structure seen in animals as well.

Cellular DNA damage, 3 types (21 reviews0
Single & double DNA breaks, oxidized bases (8-HOdG); cause both cancer and germ-line mutations

Endocrine (hormonal effects) (12 different reviews)
Both non-steroid and steroid hormones systems affected; in some cases EMFs can produce both increased and decreased hormone activity under different conditions.

Excessive intracellular calcium [Ca2+]I (15 reviews)
This is, as you will see, is the cause of almost everything else.

Cancer (35 reviews)
Increases initiation of carcinogenesis, tumor promotion and progression, including increased tissue invasion and metastasis

Puled EMFs are, in most cases much more biologically active than are non-pulsed , continuous wave EMFs (13 reviews).
Because all wireless communication devices communicate via pulsations, they are believed to be potentially actually much more dangerous.


 
There are four other probable effects, with less evidence than the overwhelming evidence shown above. These are :

Cardiac effects via electrical control of the heart.
You can get instantaneous tachycardia; chronic exposures often cause bradycardia; both cause arrhythmia; also get heart palpitations.

Very early onset Alzheimer’s and other dementias.
We are seeing people age 30 developing Alzheimer’s and even younger people developing “digital dementias.”

Both ADHD and autism may be cause by late prenatal and early post-natal EMF exposures.
There are five mechanisms that control synapse formation in the developing brain, each of which are controlled by intracellular calcium [Ca2+]i. It follows that the excessive [Ca2+]I following EMF exposure can disrupt synapse formation ,causing ADHD and autism via that mechanism.

28 different studies have shown that the non-thermal effects of microwave / other frequency EMFs can be blocked or greatly lowered by calcium channel blockers, drugs that are specific for blocking voltage-gate calcium channels (VGCCs).
5 different types of calcium channel blockers were used in these studies, with each having distinct chemical structures and binding to different sites to block channels. When several effects were studied, when one was blocked or greatly lowered, each studied effect was blocked or greatly lowered.

What this shows is that EMFs act by activating the VGCCs, allowing calcium ions [Ca2+]I to flow through the plasma membrane into the cell. (These are channels within the plasma membrane that surround all of ourselves and such that when they open, you get a huge amount of calcium flowing into the cell. Why? Because there’s a 10,000 fold concentration gradient driving calcium into the cell. On top of that, there’s actually over a million fold electrochemical gradient driving calcium into the cell. So when you open these channels, you get an absolute large volume of Calcium near instantaneously. Normally that only happens in short periods of time in order to regulate it but when you over activate these with the EMFs, all hell breaks loose. Most if not all of the biological effects are produced by excessive calcium in the cell!

Microwave frequency EMFs and extremely low frequency EMFs (such as from our electrical power lines) and also static electrical and magnetic fields all act via VGCCs activation.

 
There are also other voltage-gated ion channels activated. The primary effect seems to go through Calcium. There are some effects however that are produced by the other channels as well. We now have evidence for 8 different channels, each of which has a similar voltage sensor that controls the opening of the channel and each of which are activated via the EMFs.

Professor Martin Paul argues that the voltage sensor is the primary direct target of the EMFs, that being the voltage sensor and that mostly the effects are produced through the calcium channels.

There are 5 different additional types of evidence that each provide further support for the VGCC mechanism of action for non-thermal EMF effects. The VGCCs and some other voltage-gated ion channels have a structure which causes them to be opened in response to electrical changes, a structure called the voltage sensor. We know that 8 different ion channels with such a voltage sensor are each activated by EMF exposures.

The Industry acknowledges that microwave / low frequency EMFs put forces on + or – charged groups, but states that the forces produced by these low intensity EMFs are too low to produce biological effects. This is NOT true.

There are 3 factors that influence the electrical forces placed on the voltage sensor (all based on basic Physics):
 
1. There are 20 charges found in the voltage sensor – not just one!

2. Coulomb’s law states that the forces placed on charged groups are inversely proportional to the dielectric constant of the medium where the charged groups are found. This predicts that the forces on each of these 20 charged groups will be increased by about a factor of 120.

3. The plasma membrane of the cell has a very high electrical resistance, such that Sheppard et al 2008 predict an amplification of electrical gradients of about 3000-fold across the plasma membrane as opposed to in the aqueous phase of the cell (Ohm’s law). This predicts an additional factor of about 3000 producing increased sensitivity.

In comparing the forces on the voltage sensor with the forces on singly charged groups in the aqueous parts of the cell
The force on the voltage sensor is approximately:

20 x 120 x 3000 = 7.2 million times stronger

This is an estimate, not a precise calculation.
Because EMF heating is produced mainly by forces on singly charged groups in the aqueous phases of the cell, this argues that the safety guidelines / standards allow us to be exposed to EMFs that are approximately 7.2 million times too high!

One important additional finding: Tekieh et al 2016 showed that in isolated plasma membranes (no cells!) 3 different microwave frequency EMFs could activate the VGCCs!

Dr. Dimitris Panagopoulous published papers in 2000 and 2002 proposing that EMFs act via activation of voltage gated ion channels with the VGCCs possibly being the most important of these.

There are 2 main ways of creating pathophysiological effects.
When you have excessive calcium, you get excessive calcium signaling. Calcium Signaling is extremely important in every single eukaryotic cell on the planet, including biological life, cells, plants, animals, humans etc. In addition to excessive calcium, there are also high levels of nitric oxide and super-oxide. These two react with each other to form Peroxynitrite, which is a potent oxidant. Peroxynitrite then breaks down to form reactive free radicals which produce Oxidative stress and they activate NF-kappaB Inflammation, which further then ultimately leads to Pathophysiological effects.

There are 4 reasons why EMFs are much more active in children than in adults:

1. Children have higher surface to volume ratios, such that their tissues are much more exposed to EMFs.
This may be particularly important in the head where thinner skulls mean brain exposures are much higher.

2. Children have very high densities of stem cells which are particularly sensitive to EMFs. (discussed previously by Dr. Igor Belyaev)

3. The developing brain appears to be especially sensitive to EMFs.

4. Young tissues have much greater extracellular water content than do older tissues. This leads to much deeper penetration of effects. (discussed previously by Dr. Devra Davis)

For these reasons, Wi-Fi and cell phone tower radiation in schools are both of special concern.

How 8 established effects of EMFs can be produced by VGCC activation
EMF effect – Probably mechanism(s)

Oxidative stress – Produced by elevated levels of peroxynitrite and the free radical breakdown products of peroxynitrite and its C02 adduct. Four studies of EMF exposure, showed that oxidative stress following exposure was associated with major elevation of 3-nitrotyrosine, a marker of peroxynitrite, thus confirming this interpretation. Two other studies each found 3-nitrotyrosine elevation, both following 35 GHz exposures.

Lowered male / female fertility, elevated spontaneous abortion, lowered libido – Both the lowered male fertility and lowered female fertility are associated with and presumably caused by the oxidative stress in the male and female reproductive organs. Spontaneous abortion is often caused by chromosomal mutations, so the germ line mutations may have a casual role. Lowered libido may be caused by lowered estrogen, progesterone and testosterone levels. It seems likely that these explanations may be oversimplified. One additional mechanism that may be important in producing lowered fertility is that VGCC activation and consequent high [C2+]I levels is known to have a key role in avoiding polyspermy. Consequently, if this is triggered before any fertilization of an egg has occurred, it may prevent any sperm from fertilizing and egg.

Neurological / neuropsychiatric effects – Of all cells in the body, the neurons have the highest densities of VGCCs, due in part to the VGCC role and [Ca2+]I role in the release of every neurotransmitter in the nervous system. Calcium signaling regulates synaptic structure and function in 5 different ways, each likely to be involved here. Oxidative stress and apoptosis are both thought to have important roles. Lowered sleep and increased fatigue are likely to involve lowered nocturnal melatonin and increased nocturnal norepinephrine.

Apoptosis – can be produced by excessive CA2+ levels in the mitochondria and by double strand breaks in cellular DNA; it seems likely that both of these mechanisms are involved following EMF exposure. A third mechanism for triggering apopotosis, endoplasmic reticulum stress may also be involved.

Cellular DNA damage – produced by the free radicals breakdown products of peroxynitrite directly attacking the DNA.

Changes in non-steroid hormone levels – The release of non-steroid hormones is produced by VGCC activation and [Ca2+]I elevation. The immediate effects of EMF exposures is to increase hormone release and to raise, therefore, hormone levels. However many hormone systems become “exhausted” as a consequence of chronic EMF exposures. The mechanism of exhaustion is still uncertain, but it may involve oxidative stress and inflammation.

Lowered steroid hormone – Steroid hormones are synthesized through the action of cytochrome P450 enzymes; activity of these hormones is inhibited by binding of high levels of nitric oxide (NO) leading to lowered hormone synthesis.

Calcium overload – produced by excessive activity of the VGCCs; secondary calcium overload is produced by oxidative stress activation of TRPV1, TRPM2 and possibly some other TRP receptors, opening the calcium channel of these receptors.


Several of these effects appear to be cumulative and as they become more sever, irreversible.

The cumulative effects mean that repeated exposures to the same intensity and type of EMF produce more and more sever effects.

It is highly probably that we are facing 3 existential threats to technologically advanced societies:
1. A crash in our collective brain function.
2. A crash in our reproductive function.
3. Possible massive impacts on our gene pool caused by EMF-induced germ line mutation.

1. The neurological / neuropsychiatric effects are probably produced by the deterioration of the structure of the brain, with both showing cumulative and irreversible effects.

2. The symptoms produced are already at epidemic proportions in many of the technologically advanced countries: insomnia, fatigue, depression, headache, lack of concentration / cognitive dysfunction, anxiety / stress agitation, memory dysfunction, etc.  This suggest that we are already very far along on the deterioration of our brain function. (reported in 2016 study, along with at least 7 or 8 other reviews)

3. Professors Martin Paul predicts that as the brain function deteriorates, we will see the crash of our collective brain function, leading to societal utter chaos. Base on the earlier occupational exposure studies, Prof. Paul estimates that it may be around 5 to 7 years to such a crash. This is without any further increase in exposure. This is a rough estimate and could be off in either direction.

When you look at animals exposed to these kinds of fields, what you find is that there are major changes in the brain structure that become more and more sever with time, that becomes irreversible with time. This has been known since 1973.

ADHD and autism are thought to be caused by stressors acting during the perinatal period, late prenatal and early post-natal. The mechanism involved in both are similar, but that the autism / autism spectrum disorders involve much more substantial effects.

EMFs and chemicals have roles in both, with both active via excessive [Ca2+]i
It is also of the belief that EMFs are the main drivers of recent epidemics.

The main impact on the intracellular calcium is on the synapse formation and the reason that is the case is because there are five different mechanisms which hare known to regulate the formations of the synapses in the developing brain. Every single one of these is controlled by intracellular calcium so every single one of these can be screwed up by having excessive calcium in the cell.

Let’s look at Wi-Fi. Dr. Karl Maret has shown that Wi-Fi radiation is highly pulsed, making exposures potentially much more risky.

There are two recent reviews in Wi-Fi effects, one from me and one from Isabel Wilke in Germany. I concluded that the 23 studies on genuine Wi-Fi radiation repeatedly cause 7 effects: lowered male fertility via three different impacts on sperm; neurological effects; cellular DNA effects; elevated apoptosis (cell death); oxidative stress; [Ca2+]I elevation; hormonal effects.

Each of these are produced by many non-thermal EMF exposures as shown in many review articles discussed. Wilke also found each of these seven as well as changes in cell cycling; cardiac effects; stress responses and female infertility. These 4 additional effects are also caused by other non-thermal EMF exposures, with 2 discussed previously.

The 2017 Reykjavik appeal, signed by many scientists around the world, expressed great concern about Wi-Fi in schools. The effects shown in the previous paragraph and the elevated sensitivity of young people to EMFs make this appeal particularly cogent.




Let’s talk about 5G!

5G will entail using much higher frequencies than current microwave frequency devices. This allows 5G to carry much higher pulsations and thus carry much more information per second. However the 5G millimeter wave EMFs are much more absorbed by building materials and by other materials including our bodies. Both the frequency and pulsation predict that 5G will be much more active in activating the VGCC voltage sensor.

Because the 5G millimeter wave radiation, is much more absorbed by building and other materials, 5G will entail tens of millions of antennae, widely distributed making it essentially impossible to avoid high level exposures.

Each of these properties predict that 5G will be vastly more dangerous than are our already exist exposures.


Now the industry will claim that 5G will largely be absorbed in the outer one millimeter of the body. They have also claimed that the microwave frequency EMFs will be limited to the outer centimeter of the body and that is unknown to be untrue.

Millimeter wave frequencies are highly absorbed by materials, by interacting with the charged groups.
The industry plans, and they have already been approved in the U.S. by the F.C.C. as well as by Congress, put out tens of millions of these all over the place so we will not be able to avoid them. The only way they can penetrate into a wall of our hours and buildings is to have these things all over the place and very close by, so there will be extraordinarily high levels of radiation.

Professor Hassig and his colleagues in Switzerland published two studies showing that when pregnant cattle graze near a cell phone tower, they produce new born calves with high incidences of cataracts.

So the calf fetus that is deep in the mother's body and should therefore be protected from the effects of the microwave EMFs is not so protected despite being at least 40 times deeper than the industry claims is necessary to protect it. It is of Professor Martin Pall's opinion that in much the same way, 5G effects will be much more penetrating than the industry claims is possible.


How can 5G effects be much more penetrating than the industry claims?
Prof. Martin Pall thinks the answer is that the magnetic parts of the EMFs have been known for decades to be vastly more penetrating than are the electrical parts. The magnetic fields put forces on mobile electrically charged groups dissolved in the aqueous phases of the body and small individual movements of the charged groups can regenerate electric fields that have the same frequency and same pulsations as those of the original EMFs, albeit at much lower intensity. Given the exquisite sensitivity of the VGCC voltage sensor, we have an almost perfect mechanism for generating effects deeply within the body.

The Electrical parts of the EMF are easily absorbed. The magnetic parts of the EMF are not so easily absorbed. The magnetic parts are very deeply penetrated and that’s been known for a very long time now, ie. decades

Prof. Martin Pall suggests that magnetic parts basically will put forces on electrically charged groups, ie. ions dissolved in the aqueous phases, and they move them, put forces on them. When they do that, what they do is that they regenerate the electrical parts of the EMF, same frequency, same pulsations, just much lower intensity. However, when you have a voltage sensor that is 7.2 million times more effect, has more forces than singly charged groups, it is very incredibly highly sensitive.

Professor Martin Pall predicts that 5G will produce effects similar to those produced by microwave frequency EMFs, but they will be much more severe. These will include severe effects on our brains, on our reproductive function, on the DNA of our cells, on our hormone systems and so on etc. Prof. Pall also predicts that there will be particularly severe somewhat novel effects, associated with aqueous regions in the body, possibly producing large epidemics of blindness (because of the roles of aqueous and vitreous humors in the eye), of kidney failure (fluids in the kidney) and of many prenatal abnormalities due to the amniotic fluid. There may also be severe vascular effects (again due to fluid in the blood).

The current plan that has already been approved by the FCC and the Congress in the U.S. is to put out tens of millions of 5G antennae, all over, without one single biological safety test.

Europe and east Asia seem to be following similar paths.

This is, in Professor Martin Pall’s view, is absolute insanity.




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Please educate yourself by studying Professor Martin Pall's material,
this specific source: https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=bsaB7ewFsN0